an A to Z
'Magnificent Magforum'- University of Westminster Journalism website
Vetted as a publishing resource on BUBL , the academic portalContributions, comments and corrections welcomed:
tony @ magforum. com
Timeline: a history of magazines
1586-1949 ; 1950-1969 ; 1970-1989 (this page) ; 1990-
Important events influencing the development of the modern magazine. These four pages also list developments in technology, distribution and corporate strategy as well as the influence of periodicals on culture.
| 1970 | Harper's Bazaar and Queen merge as Harper's & Queen | |
| IPC sells Sun to Rupert Murdoch. | ||
| IPC acquired by Reed Group Ltd, a newsprint, paints and wallpaper combine, making Reed the 30th biggest UK company | ||
| After a series of launches and acquisitions, Emap has evolved into a group with nine magazines and 19 newspapers | ||
| Rolling Stone, 8 December. John Lennon tells Jann Wenner what effect the Beatles had on the history of Britain: 'We’ve grown up a little, all of us, and there has been a change and we are a bit freer and all that, but it’s the same game, nothing’s really changed. They’re doing exactly the same things, selling arms to South Africa, killing blacks on the street, people are living in fucking poverty with rats crawling over them, it’s the same. It just makes you puke. And I woke up to that, too. The dream is over. It’s just the same only I’m thirty and a lot of people have got long hair, that’s all.' | ||
| TV Times claims to be 'the most used weekly colour magazine in Britain' on the strength of selling 3,125,000 copies a week with a readership of 10,224,000. | ||
| 1971 | Infamous Oz trial. Publishers of underground
magazine Oz - Richard Neville (who launched the original
Oz in Australia), Felix Dennis (now owner of Maxim
publishing empire) and Jim Anderson - were prosecuted for conspiracy
under UK's Obscene Publications Act 1959 over 'sexually perverted
cartoons and articles' in the School Kids Issue (issue 28, May
1970). Sentences of up to 15 months sparked protests from John
Lennon and many others. The convictions were quashed on appeal.
Oz sales rose to 80,000 but the magazine closed in 1973
(issue 48). Official papers released in 1999 showed that the authorities
held an inquiry into the accusation that police were prosecuting
hippie publications such as Oz and the Little Red Schoolbook
while Soho pornographers paid bribes to avoid jail. The resulting
anti-corruption drive saw the jailing of the senior officer responsible
for the magazine's prosecution; 400 other officers were imprisoned
or left the force. Gerry Carlin articles on Oz: http://pers-www.wlv.ac.uk/~fa1871/ Oz links and covers http://www.wussu.com/zines/oz01_04.htm |
|
| US title Saturday Evening Post comes back to life as a journal with a health focus. First as a quarterly, then twice a month. Now published by the Benjamin Franklin Literary & Medical Society | ||
| to top | ||
| 1972 | Cosmopolitan UK is first international edition. Under Joyce Hopkirk; had been reformulated by Helen Gurley Brown (author of Sex and the Single Girl) in US. Goes on to become world's best-selling woman's magazine - and best seller in UK until arrival of Glamour in 2002 | |
| Feminist monthly Spare Rib launched by Marsh Rowe and Rosie Boycott. WH Smith refused to stock it. Grew out of underground press | ||
| Gloria Steinem's Ms - a women's lib magazine - launched (US) | ||
| US magazine Life closes with a bumper issue on December 29, despite having had a circulation of 8.5m copies just two years earlier. The loss of advertising to TV and the high cost of postage were blamed for four years of losses | ||
| 1974 | People launches with Mia Farrow cover (US) | |
| 1974 | UK edition of Rolling Stone (until 1982) | |
| 1976 | Filipacchi expands by buying Paris-Match from Prouvost group | |
| First Apple computer | ||
| IPC launches home video division | ||
| 1977 | Comag distribution company formed by Condé Nast and National Magazines | |
| IPC launches 2000 AD, introducing Judge Dredd in the second issue | ||
| Private Eye loses criminal libel case brought by James Goldsmith, which costs it more than £100,000. Magazine launches fund to raise money to prevent closure - the Goldenballs fund | ||
| 1978 | Angelo Zgorelec launches Personal Computer World | |
| Company launched | ||
| Cosmo Man launched but fails | ||
| L'Echo des Savanes launches in France | ||
| 1979 | Smash Hits launched by Emap. Concept of weekly pop magazine by Nick Logan | |
| Reed International Ltd at its height as a conglomerate, owning: IPC Ltd; Mirror Group Newspapers; Odhams (Watford) printers; IPC Printers; Hamlyn and Butterworths book publishers; Reed Paper; and wallpaper and building products manufacturers. IPC Magazines published 69 weekly and monthly titles, 22 of them for women. These included Woman, Woman's Own, Woman's Realm and Woman's Weekly - the top four weeklies, selling 5 million copies a week. IPC nicknamed 'Ministry of Magazines' because of its market clout | ||
| Now!, a weekly news magazine, launched by Cavenham Communications, controlled by Sir James Goldsmith. Hit 410,000 sales before closing in 1981 with losses of £6m | ||
| 1980 | Nick Logan launches The Face at Wagadon, using his own money after Emap turns the idea down. Designed by Neville Brody. Strong music base; develops into fashion bible for the 1980s | |
| High Life in-flight magazine by Highgate Publications for British Airways. Regarded as first contract title | ||
| 1981 | BBC/Acorn Microcomputer and IBM PC launched | |
| Lagardere buys Hachette in France | ||
| Computer & Video Games launched by Emap: claims to be world’s first games magazine. Finally closed by Future in 2004, though website lives on. www.computerandvideogames.com | ||
| Magazine supplements launched by Sunday Express and News of the World | ||
| to top | ||
| 1982 | Computer magazines, such as Acorn User at Addison-Wesley in London, start to use e-mail systems and online bulletin boards, in this case Dialcom | |
| December: Your Computer editor Toby Wolpe invents cover disc - a 33.3 rpm vinyl single holding Sinclair ZX81 games | ||
| 1983 | Redwood Publishing founded by Michael Potter (former publisher of advertising trade weekly Campaign), Christopher Ward (former editor of Daily Express newspaper) and Christopher Curry (joint founder of Acorn Computer, makers of the BBC Micro). Takes over Acorn User from Addison-Wesley as first published title. Establishes contract publishing industry with titles such as Expression! for American Express, InterCity for British Rail, M&S for Marks and Spencer, and Business Solutions for Unisys | |
| Time magazine names computer as "Man of the Year" | ||
| Emap launches Micronet online bulletin board, which reaches 1m subscribers. Magazines and individuals set up own pages on the Prestel-based system. Thousands of computer users run own boards from home using BBC Micros and modems. | ||
| Derek Birdsall, who art-directed Town, Nova and Twen and later The Independent Magazine and the Sunday Telegraph Magazine appointed Royal Designer for Industry by the RSA | ||
| Advance resurrects Vanity Fair and buys Gentleman's Quarterly | ||
| Vanity Fair launches a second time in US | ||
| 1984 |
Advance adds Tatler and World of Interiors to Condé Nast stable in UK |
|
| Hackers break into Prince Philip's electronic mail on Emap's Micronet | ||
| Apple Macintosh launched and IBM PC AT | ||
| Reed International sells Mirror group newspapers to Robert Maxwell for £90m to concentrate on academic journals, magazines and books | ||
| Redwood Publishing sells off all typewriters to run company on network of Acorn's BBC Microcomputers | ||
| The Times launches educational bulletin board and e-mail system for schools, TTNS (The Times Network for Schools) based on British Telecom's Dialcom technology | ||
| Private Eye's 'Spot the worthless Czech' cover of Robert Maxwell | ||
| to top | ||
| 1985 | Postscript-based software, such as Aldus Pagemaker and Adobe Illustrator running on the Apple Macintosh, allied to laser printers, herald the advent of desktop publishing. This revolutionises production of magazines and newspapers | |
| The Hackers Handbook by Hugo Cornwall is a bestseller | ||
| Advance buys New Yorker |
| For Him distributed through men's fashion outlets by Chris Astridge. Distribution expanded to newsagents as a quarterly in spring 1987 | ||
| 1986 | At £399, Amstrad 1512 puts PC within reach of home buyers in the UK. Creates huge market for PC magazines, led by Dennis's PC Shopper. Computer standardisation sounds death knell for 'user' magazines | |
| Nick Logan's Wagadon launches men's quarterly Arena. Designed by Neville Brody | ||
| Today, first colour newspaper, launched by Eddy Shah | ||
| Gruner & Jahr enters UK market with monthly Prima | ||
| Robert Maxwell launches one-off spoof newsprint tabloid Not Private Eye to celebrate and publicise winning £55,000 in libel trial against Private Eye, which had suggested Maxwell had tried to bribe his way to a peerage. Maxwell gave his account of the trial in a book, Malice in Wonderland. Christmas cover of Private Eye showed Maxwell holding a writ and a sack, saying 'Happy Christmas to you all'. Maxwell became notorious for his many libel actions but his crooked ways were revealed after his death in 1991 | ||
| 1987 | Quark Xpress DTP package launched. Overshadows Pagemaker, forming 'holy trinity' of publishing software on Macintosh: Quark; Photoshop; and Illustrator | |
| German publishers challenge the dominance of IPC's weeklies with Best (Gruner & Jahr) and Bella (Bauer) | ||
| Zeebrugge ferry disaster. Operator Townsend Thoresen withdraws all advertising | ||
| 1988 | Spanish Hola! launches as Hello! Marks start of fawning approach to celebrities, who are paid for their pictures and given veto over them before publication | |
| Reed subsidiary Carlton launches upmarket fashion weekly Riva but closes it within 6 months and the company is put under the control of another Reed arm, IPC | ||
| IPC responds to German incursions with Essentials. Also forms European Magazines Ltd, a joint venture with Groupe Marie Claire to launch the UK edition. Essentials launched in France by Groupe Marie Claire as Avantages | ||
| Nick Logan sells 40 per cent of Wagadon (The Face and Arena) to Condé Nast to fund expansion of the latter and launches of short-lived Frank and Deluxe | ||
| New Scientist prints hologram of Newton on cover | ||
| 1989 | Time merges with Warner | |
| Vogue uses bar codes on front cover | ||
| Condé Nast brings GQ to the UK | ||
| UK government plans to deregulate TV and radio listings. BBC responds to threat to revenue by taking over contract publisher Redwood. IPC buys TV Times, which it had published under licence, from broadcasters | ||
| Hearst Magazines International founded to exploit brands such as Cosmopolitan |
Timeline: a history of magazines
1586-1949 ; 1950-1969 ; 1970-1989 (this page) ; 1990
| to top |
- Illustrated London News: popularises pictures (1842)
- Colour widespread (1850s)
- Importance of advertising in UK and US (1886)
- Golden age of (adult) comics (1890s)
- Start of TV age (1936)
- Sunday Times Magazine (1962)
- TV21 marks influence of TV (1965)
- Three largest publishers merge as IPC Magazines
- Oz obscenity trail
- Cosmopolitan launch in UK (1972)
- Arrival of the online era (1982)
- DTP heralds golden age (1985)
- Loaded invents the lad's mag (1994)
- Hachette Filipacchi Medias formed (1997)
- IPC launches Nuts, 'world's first men's weekly' (2004)
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